Which of the following describes the purpose of phloem in the vascular system?

The purpose of phloem in the vascular system is to transport nutrients and carbohydrates throughout the plant. Phloem is one of the two types of vascular tissue, the other being xylem, which primarily conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves. In contrast, phloem is responsible for the distribution of the products of photosynthesis, primarily sugars, from the leaves (where they are produced) to all parts of the plant, including the roots, stems, and developing buds. This transport is essential for the growth and energy supply of the plant.

The other options describe functions not associated with phloem. For instance, the role of conducting water from roots to leaves is the function of xylem, while storing excess water is not a primary role of phloem. Additionally, anchoring the plant in the soil is performed primarily by the root system. Therefore, recognizing the specific function of phloem highlights its crucial role in nutrient and carbohydrate transport, which is vital for the plant's metabolism and overall health.