What type of reproductive strategy does Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba) utilize?

Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba) exhibits a reproductive strategy that involves both seed production and the development of rootstocks. This dual approach allows the plant to thrive in various environments.

By producing seeds, Hoary Cress can spread rapidly over large areas; seeds can be dispersed by wind, water, or animals, giving the species a robust capacity for colonization. Additionally, the presence of rootstocks enables vegetative reproduction. These rootstocks can remain dormant in the soil and sprout new plants, effectively ensuring the persistence of the species even in challenging conditions or after disturbances.

This combination of reproductive methods contributes to the hardiness of Hoary Cress and its ability to outcompete other plants, making it a successful invasive species in many regions. Thus, the answer that identifies both seed and rootstocks as reproductive strategies accurately reflects the biological capabilities of Hoary Cress.