What role do bacteria and fungi play in biological degradation?

Bacteria and fungi are essential players in the process of biological degradation primarily because they decompose organic materials through their metabolic processes. These microorganisms break down complex organic substances, such as dead plants and animals, into simpler compounds. This decomposition is a critical component of nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems, as it transforms organic matter into forms that can be utilized by other organisms, including plants and smaller microbes.

Through their enzymatic activities, bacteria and fungi convert organic matter into carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, which are then available for uptake by aquatic plants. This biological degradation not only cleans up organic waste in water bodies but also supports overall ecosystem health by maintaining nutrient balance. Therefore, the crucial role of bacteria and fungi in the decomposition process is what makes option C the correct choice.