What process leads to chlorosis in plants?

Chlorosis in plants is primarily characterized by the yellowing of leaves, which occurs when there is a deficiency in chlorophyll. This condition can arise from a variety of stress factors, such as nutrient deficiencies (especially nitrogen, iron, or magnesium), diseases, pests, or environmental stresses like drought or excessive moisture. When chlorophyll levels drop due to these stressors, the plant's ability to photosynthesize effectively is compromised, leading to weaker growth and overall health.

While the other factors listed can cause various plant issues, they do not directly lead to chlorosis in the same way. For example, excess water absorption can lead to root rot and other issues, but it does not inherently cause chlorophyll loss. High nitrogen levels may promote lush green growth rather than contribute to chlorosis, and improper pruning techniques can harm the plant but are not the direct cause of chlorophyll degradation that leads to chlorosis. Understanding the primary cause of chlorosis as the loss of chlorophyll due to stress factors is crucial for effective plant management and recovery strategies.