What is the process of nitrogen fixation?

The process of nitrogen fixation is primarily concerned with converting atmospheric nitrogen, which is generally inert and not directly usable by plants, into more reactive forms. This transformation typically involves processes that convert nitrogen gas (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃) or related compounds. These forms can then be taken up by plants and utilized in their metabolic processes, which is crucial for the formation of essential biomolecules like amino acids and nucleotides.

In natural ecosystems, nitrogen fixation is predominantly carried out by specific bacteria, some of which live symbiotically in the root nodules of legumes, while others are free-living in the soil. This biological process enriches the soil with nitrogen in a form that is accessible to plants, thus supporting the growth of diverse plant life. The significance of nitrogen fixation underlines the essential relationship between nitrogen-fixing organisms and plant health, which contributes immensely to agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability.

This understanding is critical for managing aquatic environments as well, since healthy aquatic ecosystems rely on the availability of nutrients, including nitrogen, that support plant life and the food web.