What is a hybrid in botany?

In botany, a hybrid refers specifically to the offspring resulting from the cross-breeding of genetically different plants. This process often involves two distinct species or varieties that have different genetic backgrounds. The resulting hybrid may exhibit traits from both parent plants, which can include improvements in vigor, disease resistance, or other desirable characteristics.

Hybrids are significant in plant breeding because they can lead to enhanced agricultural productivity and the development of new varieties that are better adapted to specific environments. The new generation often shows hybrid vigor, also known as heterosis, which can result in increased growth rates and improved resistance to stress factors.

The other choices do not accurately define a hybrid. While an offspring from genetically similar plants could result in similar traits and does occur in nature, it does not meet the criteria of being a hybrid as it lacks genetic diversity. A plant species that is resistant to pests may be a characteristic of some hybrids, but resistance alone does not define a hybrid. Similarly, a genetically modified organism exists through different methods entirely, involving specific gene alterations rather than natural or cross-breeding processes. Thus, the correct answer highlights the role of genetic diversity in the formation of hybrids in botany.