What is a berm in relation to water management?

A berm is specifically a raised edge or ridge that is constructed to help control water runoff and manage the flow of water in various environments, particularly in landscaping and water management practices. This structure acts as a barrier that directs how water moves across a landscape, preventing erosion and minimizing flooding. It helps to manage water levels by directing excess water away from certain areas and providing a way to keep the water in designated regions, which is critical in both urban planning and agricultural settings.

In terms of water management, the functionality of a berm is vital in creating pathways for water to flow, being particularly useful in managing stormwater or in agricultural fields where controlling moisture levels is necessary for crop health. This makes it an essential tool for environmental design and water resource management.

The other options represent different environmental or biological concepts, none of which align with the primary function of a berm in relation to controlling water runoff.