What does carcinogenic mean in relation to chemical substances?

The term carcinogenic refers to substances that have the potential to cause cancer in living organisms, including both animals and humans. These substances can induce changes at the cellular level that lead to uncontrolled cell growth, which is a hallmark of cancer. When a chemical is classified as carcinogenic, it means that exposure to it has been shown to increase the risk of developing cancer, either through long-term exposure, high doses, or other specific conditions.

This classification is determined through various studies and assessments that evaluate the relationship between exposure to the chemical and the incidence of cancer in populations or laboratory settings. Understanding the carcinogenic properties of substances is critical for regulatory agencies and public health officials in order to manage risks, set safety standards, and protect human health.

The other options do not accurately describe carcinogenic substances. For example, stating that they are safe for human consumption contradicts the inherent risks associated with carcinogens. Similarly, while some carcinogens may alter genetic material, not all do, and this effect alone does not define the term. Lastly, claiming that they are effective at killing pests without side effects overlooks the serious health risks they pose, including their potential to cause cancer.