What characterizes a biennial plant?

A biennial plant is characterized by completing its life cycle over a two-year period. In the first year, the plant typically focuses on vegetative growth, developing roots, stems, and leaves. It usually remains dormant through the winter months. In the second year, biennials flower, produce seeds, and eventually die after completing their reproductive phase. This two-year life cycle is essential in distinguishing biennials from annuals, which complete their life cycle within a single growing season, and perennials, which live for more than two years and may flower multiple times over their lifespan.

Biennial plants use this extended lifecycle strategy to ensure better survival and reproduction by taking advantage of conditions that enhance their growth and reproductive success. This understanding is pivotal for managing these plants in both natural and agricultural settings, as their life cycle influences how they are cultivated and controlled.