In environmental science, what does 'terrestrial' typically refer to?

The term 'terrestrial' specifically refers to land-based ecosystems and habitats, emphasizing the study of life forms and environmental processes occurring on solid ground. In environmental science, terrestrial environments include forests, grasslands, deserts, and all other land areas, making it essential for understanding biodiversity, ecology, and the impact of human activities on these ecosystems.

Recognizing terrestrial systems is crucial because they play significant roles in carbon sequestration, water cycles, and supporting a variety of living organisms. This understanding helps inform conservation efforts and land management practices that aim to enhance ecological health and sustainability.